2 Samuel 23:18

Authorized King James Version

And Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief among three. And he lifted up his spear against three hundred, and slew them, and had the name among three.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַֽאֲבִישַׁ֞י
H52
And Abishai
abishai, an israelite
#2
אֲחִ֣י׀
the brother
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
#3
יוֹאָ֣ב
of Joab
joab, the name of three israelites
#4
בֶּן
the son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#5
צְרוּיָ֗ה
of Zeruiah
tserujah, an israelitess
#6
ה֚וּא
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#7
רֹ֣אשׁ
was chief
the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
#8
הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔י
among three
third; feminine a third (part); by extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a third-story cell)
#9
וְהוּא֙
he (she or it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also (intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same; sometimes (as demo
#10
עוֹרֵ֣ר
And he lifted up
to wake (literally or figuratively)
#11
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#12
חֲנִית֔וֹ
his spear
a lance (for thrusting, like pitching a tent)
#13
עַל
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#14
בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃
against three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice
#15
מֵא֖וֹת
hundred
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#16
חָלָ֑ל
and slew
pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted
#17
וְלוֹ
H0
#18
שֵׁ֖ם
them and had the name
an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
#19
בַּשְּׁלֹשָֽׁה׃
against three
three; occasionally (ordinal) third, or (multiple) thrice

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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